The spray has protected me in wooded, buggy areas when I hike around Cape Cod. It offers the same protection when I am on the beach enjoying an evening sunset, while many other onlookers are swatting like mad and still being bitten. I gifted the spray ( and other terrific moisturizers) to a friend who is normally “a target for black flies” and she remarked on a trouble free hike in Texas through a swampy, normally troublesome area. We are both more than satisfied with the spray and have ended our ongoing search for something with clean ingredients that works.